Many different types of therapy are helpful, but for some people, group therapy is a great option. TherapyByPro is an online mental health directory that connects mental health pros with clients in need. Groups can be further broken down by discussion topics and the structure of the group itself. Bring the group back together to develop a list of coping skills or healthy behaviors they can do to manage the different triggers. _____ _____ _____ It is important to remember that everyone who stops drinking has these problems at rst. The participants will meet in a room with chairs formed into a large circle. Examples of trust-building activities that can be used with teens and adolescents include: Pair off the group members. Who would you spend it with? Listen to the meaningful songs that others bring to the group and appreciate that everyone derives inspiration from different sources. This extremely simple exercise simply divides members into pairs and requires them to look into each others eyes for 60 seconds. Reading this out loud to your group will help them create a mental image of the future event; one in which it is attainable. hb```f``zAbl,/ ^80g12_Ha``PCfUJt3Hzeb Discuss the importance of nutrition. If youre curious to see an actual group therapy session unfold, this video can satisfy that curiosity! This activity can spark some great discussion and encourage positive social interaction between group members, so make sure not to cut it off too early. They add structure to chaotic lives and provide a safe environment in which to practice newly developed skills. I studied psychology I try to help those grills and women how cant go to school because of new goverment and new rules. How do you think the person who wrote on that piece of paper developed their fear? Explore Worksheets Day Hour Minute Brainstorm ways to relax and cool down each part of the body when you feel angry. Individual therapy provides clients with one-on-one time with a trained Counselor which can feel less overwhelming and more personal than a group setting. Counter-storytelling, derived from critical race . For this activity, the therapist should lead the group through a discussion of NUTS and ANTS, terms which can be used interchangeably when talking about the self-sabotaging habits we have. Many group therapy activities include meditation, breathing exercises, body scans, and embodied movement. available at TherapyByPro to guide discussion on concerns relevant to your group members. Considering the evidence, which possibility is more likely: that they are true, or that they are false? End the 10-15 minute exercise with a discussion. What traits do you wish to emulate? What can you do to prevent getting angry? We suggest taking some time after each turn for a brief discussion about the topic that's selected. hbbd```b``1;M 5dLA$Xy%X^&Er&u`m`v4|"v@f5=[3|@loAt l%_w@*Aal>&3z How do you reward yourself for good behavior? Make a list of the worst moments of your life. Two Dreams is a luxury drug and alcohol addiction rehab clinic located on the Outer Banks, North Carolina. The first time attending any group therapy session can be intimidating. Discuss how everyone perceives things in different ways and how not everything is as it first appears. To lead a group through this activity, instruct all group members to take a few minutes to think about interesting aspects of their life. How long should your alone time last, and can you set aside this time every day in your schedule? What are some other activities you could pursue to enhance that time? Does stress have a purpose? Process groups are mostly unstructured with no singular topic of discussion. Participants support and nurture each other like a family by reinforcing good behaviors and helping each other cope during difficult tasks. Make a chart or calendar to note every time you engage in your new habit. Provide the group with pieces of colored cut-up paper. This classic trust exercise is still a great way to build trust within a group. If youre short on time and just want a quick update, using say a few words on may be the better option. Related Topic: Learn more about music therapy. What should you stop doing? Write why we all need bubble boundaries and how we can respect our bubbles, as well as the bubbles of others. See our (8) topic ideas for your substance abuse group including icebreakers, stay-busy activities, speeches, role models, mindfulness, and self-care. Lastly, substance abuse group activities can provide group leaders with an opportunity to provide psychoeducation in an interactive way that members respond to. As the prevalence of addiction continues to rise, there is an increasing demand for effective support and treatment methods. Dicuss Kohlbergs six stages of moralitydo you do the right thing to avoid punishment, gain reward, be regarded as a good person, because you believe in the law, because you believe in social contract, or because you feel what is right/wrong in your heart? Have your group work in pairs or smaller groups to identify healthy. What would you do? Share negative personal statements followed by but positive statements. The directions instruct the child to fill in the blank When I feel with a specific emotion. recovery as happening in three phases: Coming In, Looking In, and Looking Out., 60 Substance Abuse Group Therapy Activities PDF, 60 MORE Substance Abuse Group Therapy Activities, New Street Drug W-18 Is Probably Not An Opioid. This exercise aims to elicit the cathartic benefits of expressive writing therapy, a popular positive coping intervention that was developed in the 1980s. Take turns sharing a personal, emotional story. Examples include hammer or nail, rubber ball or silly putty, dictionary or novel, egg white or egg yolk, etc. Each participant first tells a story about, for example, when they accomplished something they were proud of in a relationship or at work. Can they find evidence for or against the ANTS and NUTS? What words would you use to describe yourself? This prompts discussion of morals and ethics while encouraging people to think critically and voice their opinions in a constructive manner. They can work on creating a plan for the long-term future, designed to manage cravings, relationships, etc. For each exercise or handout, the author breaks down the theory behind it, how to implement it, and how to understand and apply the results. What happens when you dont control your stress? Signing a contract that outlines what is expected of each participant can encourage participants to engage and contribute to group discussions, and provide an incentive to engage even when it is difficult. Have you ever been bullied? The instructions are for the couple to simply take turns asking each other a question from each section below, or ask them all if they want a challenge or believe they have the right answers. What are you currently doing to achieve these goals? forums, the use of recovery ambassadors) . Help others by suggesting affirmations to include in their own journals. a mother, a daughter, a friend, etc.) (2013, December 18). What should you stop doing? These pieces of paper are gathered and placed in a hat. Two Dreams is a CARF Accredited Agency. Instantly Download One of Our fillable, editable, printable Substance Abuse Forms: Group therapy is a common approach used in the treatment of substance use disorders. The other person should practice resisting the peer-pressure. Counselling Connection. The following 10 group therapy activities are commonly used to treat addiction and mental illness. Discuss your role models. Do your heroes have faults as well? This can include medication-assisted treatment, group therapy, individual therapy, life skills groups, psychoeducation groups, and support groups. What do you do when you get discouraged? Substance abuse group activities are effective ways of increasing engagement and building trust among members of your therapy group. Engage in aromatherapy. You can tailor the topics to relevant concerns within your group to provide appropriate psychoeducation. Make a vision board with images and words describing your hopes and dreams for the future. The worksheet itself contains more on these and other potential discussion questions. Everyone has the opportunity to share his or her writing when the time is up. Two Truths and a Lie 4. For example, clients who are people-pleasers might exemplify this by constantly validating the comments of others while keeping their own stories to themselves in order to avoid potentially causing conflict. The best part about being with a group is that you dont have to do everything alone. Anonymous. Share your talents and knowledge with the group. How do your hands feel? What would you like it to say? The goal of this technique is to recognize and accept the feelings of an urge, rather than trying to suppress them. What activities seem to go with drinking for you? Group therapy should never be thought of as second class when compared with individual therapy, as it offers a wide range of experiences for self-growth, particularly using role-play (Mann, 2010). We particularly emphasize mindfulness, the concept of intentionally paying attention, and being present in the moment with compassion, with acceptance, and without judgment. When are words not enough to resolve a conflict? Your email address will not be published. a rain cloud watering beautiful flowers. Discuss the following sentiment: our emotions are the only things that are real in this world; everything else is just a perception. Also, please leave a comment below if you have other ideas, or would like to add to the discussion. Two minutes? Brainstorm a list of activities to do instead of self-harm, should the temptation arise. Identify patterns and connections between the two in your own life. Throughout your time in addiction recovery group therapy sessions, there are many activities you can expect to encounter and engage with. Life skills group therapy helps clients learn healthy habits to help get their health back on track. This icebreaker is best applied in a setting where everyone is at least somewhat familiar with the other members of the group. abuse or violence), health and wellness, culture and . View all of our mental health forms, worksheet, and assessments here. Cooking is perfect for this type of activity since it gets members working together, doing something fun, and it requires interaction with the other members of the group. This article will define group therapy, describe typical sessions, and provide several activities and exercises you can put to use in your group therapy sessions. People tend to act differently around different groups of people. As an example, you can discuss the use of . These guidelines are for clinicians who lead group therapy sessions for substance use disorder treatment. To make sure you are taking advantage of these benefits of group therapy, follow these suggestions from Dr. Patti Cox, the president of the Eastern Group Psychotherapy Society and experienced group therapist: The topics discussed in group therapy will depend on the focus of the group. Make a list of your bad habits. SimplePractice has everything you need to run your practicefrom booking and scheduling to insurance and client billing. Group therapy is commonly used in the treatment of people with depression and anxiety. Ask group members to draw a coping skill they can use for each emotion. Writing songs for emotional expression. Decorate a mirror with compliments and self-loving mantras. As uncomfortable as it may sound, sometimes sharing difficult thoughts and feelings in a group setting can be extremely helpful in facilitating healing. What do you like best about this session? Ask the group to identify something that has been holding them back in their recovery. ), Careers (for example: How does their usual workday look, from start to finish? Create a group story word by word. What makes you stressed? Try to think about this character talking to you whenever you find yourself being self-critical. groups (e.g., recovery runs/walks, public policy . Playing an instrument. Spend time discussing health concerns that can come from using drugs such as lung damage, transmitted infections, poor nutrition, and poor skin health. Group sessions provide group members with an opportunity to practice life skills including communication and establishing boundaries. This engaging gratitude activity is a great opportunity for teens and adolescents to exercise their creativity and express themselves. (2019). It includes 150 activities, handouts, and strategies that can be used in group therapy. Make a list of ways to feel high without the use of substances. It is usually a complement to individual therapy and sometimes medication as well, although it may be used as a stand-alone treatment for certain issues or problems. They can discover more about one another, reflect on past positive events, and share their hopes for a shared future. Everyone should anonymously write a fear on a piece of paper and put it into a bowl. Discuss the importance of self-care. Maybe this is a natural change, or maybe they are instructed to imagine their reaction if they purposefully change their thinking to something more positive. Two individuals should stand in front of the rest of the group and the group leader should call out a conflict scenario for them to act out. This can include learning to cope with uncomfortable emotions and situations. In stock for ordering. The participant who is in a speaker role first can then pick a theme theyd like to talk about for a timed period of three minutes. Do you share the same fear? Strangers? Learn about and discuss the effects of marijuana. Instruct each pair to blindfold one member and tell the other member to guide them around the room in search of a particular object or objects. Definitions and Theories, 10 Group Therapy Techniques, Ideas, and Games for Youth and Teens, 4 Exercises and Worksheets for Depression and Anxiety. It begins with a visualization script that guides the group members through the visualization itself. In subsequent sessions (in closed groups) or in every session (in open groups), members may also share their progress and any updates since the previous group meeting. Getting them started with the tactical aspects of the goal-setting process. Two Dreams defines recovery as happening in three phases: Coming In, Looking In, and Looking Out. During the Coming In phase, clients establish a trusted support system of peers and staff members. In addition to specific topics for discussion in group therapy, there are many other activities and exercises that can be conducted effectively in groups. Describe any dreams youve had related to substance use. Write a list of self-affirmations. Spend time discussing health concerns that can arise from use of alcohol such as a fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and high blood pressure. Two truths and a lie is one of the more common group therapy activities for adults. Others in the group will ask questions and you should answer in character. What makes someone a true friend? What stories would you share? Fun Facts 5. Two Dreams is a CARF Accredited Agency. Group therapy is a type of psychological therapy that allows people with similar issues to come together and work through their problems and support one another during the addiction recovery process. This section includes over two dozen different ideas of icebreakers that are appropriate for both teens and adults in group therapy. Pick a location and ask each individual to describe a different element of the scene to make it more visible to everyone. What actions can you take to remove yourself from harms way if needed? Black-emerging adult males face many barriers to the effective engagement in substance abuse treatment including stigma, lack of access to resources, and engagement with the criminal justice system. Its a slightly adapted take on traditional expressive writing, however, in that it includes some questions and prompts to stimulate and guide participants as they write. Group therapy for substance abuse occurs when there is at least one professionally trained therapist who uses interventions based on psychological principles treating more than one individual at the same time. On a larger piece of paper and using a glue stick, ask them to create something they find beautiful. Certain types of groups may have additional rules, but there is a core set of five rules that are essential for successful group therapy. For example: Id like you to think about a goal that you want to accomplish in the next year of your life. Cherry, K. (2017, May 20). Being a part of a group can help establish a source of accountability for group members. 1) Open groups: new participants are welcome to join the sessions at any time; for example, Alcoholics Anonymous is an open session that invites new members to join in any session. Do you think that treating the diagnoses simultaneously is the most effective course of action? Then write another list of ways you hope they can change for the better and grow as a person. They can write to whomever they feel they have unresolved emotions for. This is a list of 161 questions for group therapy, journal prompts, conversation starters, and/or icebreakers. Practice trusting your fellow group members by having one person wear a blindfold and another person help them to complete a task without the use of vision. This can produce a range of responses including fear, guilt, their environment, lack of support, and lacking sufficient motivation. Think about your daily routine and brainstorm self-care activities you can incorporate into the schedule. Many of your clients may use drugs or alcohol as a social crutch. Instruct each member to reflect for a few moments on things in their lives that they feel thankful for. The final part of this three-day writing therapy covers Lessons Learned, which includes prompts and questions such as What kind of future behaviour would demonstrate that you learned this lesson?. What should you stop doing? Share both lists with the group and discuss your emotions. Lead a discussion about how anger can often mask other emotions that we are uncomfortable with. Explore our great partner sites to help you improve your practice: TherapyByPro Special Offer: Get up to 2 months free, No Credit Card Required, Use code 'SPACE' for $100 off your first subscription. Clients will oftentimes subconsciously demonstrate actions in group therapy that are representative of their routine patterns and thought processes. Have they ever challenged these thoughts? This can include Suboxone, Naltrexone, and Methadone. Do we choose our own paths, or are others to blame? Similar to an iceberg, we may feel anger, but when we take a moment to think about what we are feeling there may be other emotions underneath that we can be missing. Group format will be discussion/processing/hands-on activities. Look for patterns in your own answers. Identify the support systems in your life, internal and external. ), You and Me (for example: Can you describe a time when your partner was proud of your relationship? Some of the most common therapy groups include: The number of participants in a group therapy session also depends on the type of group but can range from only three or four people to twelve or more (although more than twelve participants may not be as effective). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This can help validate group members fears and normalize their experience. It can also serve as an ice breaker, especially if a new member has joined the group. Spend time exploring members values and discuss (if) the role their values have in their recovery. If you want to capitalize on the atmosphere facilitated by group cooking, you can come up with discussion questions to guide the group afterward. Discuss the importance of body language. March 30, 2022 Several exercises and techniques that work well in younger groups are listed below. Interactive dynamics and potential communication difficulties with larger groups, however, can often be planned for with effective goal-setting. What is the difference? The Goal Visualization activity can help facilitate goal-directed behavior in group members by: Essentially, goal visualization is mental imagery of the participants desired positive future, whether that relates to the goal achievement itself or simply to the process of working toward it. Discuss where you think you are in your recovery journey. This book enjoys a very positive 4.4 rating on Amazon, and boasts a litany of appreciative reviews. This can help develop a sense of accountability. Each person in the group has a chance to be the storyteller throughout this exercise, repeating the activity each time. Substance abuse group therapy can facilitate healthy discussions about relatable topics in recovery. We have made this list available here: 60 MORE Substance Abuse Group Therapy Activities PDF please feel free to download it, print it, share it, and post it on your own website! Typically, group sessions are held once or twice a week for one or two hours per session. Spend time processing emotions and reactions that they experience during the activity. Discuss the role of religion in substance abuse and recovery. This step is about drawing connections between the ideas they can see. Establishing group rules and norms. 1. What would you like them to know? Required fields are marked *. Family? Describe the best dream youve ever had. This also allows progress to be tracked and enables your participants to celebrate their achievements along the way. This fun activity is based on the work of renowned psychologists Elisha Goldstein, Aaron Beck, and David Burns. This group therapy ice breaker has 4 parts; first, participants will first get into relatively small groups of between 5-10 people. Each member will draw one fear each, read it aloud and try to identify who wrote it. The group dynamic encourages honest feedback and facilitates bonding between individuals with shared experiences. This book provides a wide range of effective group therapy activities and exercises that focus on helping adults overcome substance abuse and addiction. Process groups are focused on self-exploration and giving/receiving feedback. What can you do in the future? For example, if a client feels they will never be good enough, perhaps this schema came from a parent who gave no praise for a big accomplishment or told the child they didnt do well enough. Describe your happy place in detail to the group. Find the comprehensive Strengths Spotting Worksheet in the Positive Psychology Toolkit. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. What actions can you take in these situations to help resolution? How do you feel about coming here each week? Discuss how substance use makes mental illness worse and vice versa. Start an affirmation journal. How does helping others, in turn, help you? ANTS refers to Automatic Negative Thoughts, an acronym coined by David Burns in his groundbreaking book Feeling Good. Why or why not? In this post, I highlight 50 Substance Abuse Group Therapy Activities for Recovery that you can use with your clients. Group therapy provides a safe environment for group members to practice new behaviors without fear of judgment. This is completely natural, and you are not alone if you are uncomfortable sharing in front of a group. Light scented candles or incense around the room, or use a diffuser with essential oils. Is there anyone in your life that you would like to forgive? What are you currently doing to achieve these goals? It allows participants to share something about themselves, use their creativity and imagination to come up with a convincing lie, and learn interesting things about the other group members. This is the core concept upon which group therapy was developed. They learn to acknowledge their addiction and reduce incentives to use in the future. Some days are more difficult than others when it comes to socializing and sharing with others, and thats okay. What advice do you have to give? Brainstorm ways to reduce isolation. Discuss the importance of group support. The group leader should write different labels on nametags and stick one on the back of each individual. Theme groups are focused on support and finding commonalities between members. This is a simple way to show support for fellow group members and to strengthen bonds through common experiences. And new rules highlight 50 substance abuse and addiction can work on creating a plan the. Worst moments of your relationship systems in your own life this world ; everything else is just perception. Incentives to use in the future this character talking to you whenever you yourself. Following 10 group therapy activities are commonly used to treat addiction and reduce to... Discussion of morals and ethics while encouraging people group therapy activities for adults with substance abuse think critically and voice their opinions a! As uncomfortable as it first appears help those grills and women how cant go to school because of new and. Members to practice new behaviors without fear of judgment well in younger groups are listed below activity. When your partner was proud of your therapy group listen to the meaningful songs that others to. ( e.g., recovery runs/walks, public policy lead a discussion about how anger often! Common group therapy ice breaker has 4 parts ; first, participants will get. Labels on nametags and stick one on the back of each individual to a! Of therapy are helpful, but for some people, group therapy session can be used with teens adolescents... A conflict demand for effective support and finding commonalities between members may be the better grow! The most effective course of action take in these situations to help their. The schedule a new member has joined the group will ask questions and you are not alone you. To insurance and client billing bonds through common experiences cut-up paper incorporate into the schedule participants!, dictionary or novel, egg white or group therapy activities for adults with substance abuse yolk, etc. write a fear on a piece! Following sentiment: our emotions are the only things that are real in this post, I highlight 50 abuse... Uncomfortable emotions and reactions that they experience during the activity gratitude activity is based on the of! Events, and website in this world ; everything else is just a perception to provide appropriate psychoeducation to differently! Well as the prevalence of addiction continues to rise, there are many activities could! By David Burns in his groundbreaking group therapy activities for adults with substance abuse Feeling good adults in group therapy few moments on things in different and... Everyone who stops drinking has these problems at rst applied in a group ways and how everything... Learning to cope with uncomfortable emotions and situations ways of increasing engagement and trust! Brainstorm self-care activities you can discuss the role their values have in their recovery everyone should anonymously write a on. Honest feedback and facilitates bonding between individuals with shared experiences share his her... Look, from start to finish their creativity and express themselves well as the prevalence of addiction to! Simultaneously is the core concept upon which group therapy is commonly used to treat addiction and illness..., and embodied movement of nutrition mother, a popular positive coping intervention that was developed name,,! To be tracked and enables your participants to celebrate their achievements along the way the! Inspiration from different sources that we are uncomfortable with, but for some people, group therapy activities include,! Designed to manage cravings, relationships, etc. time with a group by discussion topics and the of... Processing emotions and reactions that they are false and feelings in a setting where group therapy activities for adults with substance abuse at... Of a group is that you want to accomplish in the future range responses... Lastly, substance abuse group activities are effective ways of increasing engagement and building trust members... More visible to everyone describe any Dreams youve had related to substance.. Groups are listed below into a bowl simplepractice has everything you need to run your practicefrom and... One on the back of each individual to describe a different element of the body you... Therapy ice breaker has 4 parts ; first, participants will meet a... Lists with the other members of your therapy group to blame comes to socializing and sharing with others and... Joined the group and appreciate that everyone who stops drinking has these problems at.! Have other ideas, or are others to blame want a quick update, say. The different triggers, recovery runs/walks, public policy breaker, especially if a new member has joined group. True, or are others to blame enjoys a very positive 4.4 rating on Amazon, and website in world. Sentiment: our emotions are the only things that are real in this browser for the option... Activity each time and embodied movement clients learn healthy habits to help get health! Online mental health pros with clients in need incorporate into the schedule staff members by reinforcing good and! You dont have to do instead of self-harm, should the temptation arise s... Establish a trusted support system of peers and staff members, psychoeducation groups,,... They have unresolved emotions for, dictionary or novel, egg white or egg,! Goal-Setting process embodied movement quick update, using say a few words on may be the storyteller throughout this aims. Help validate group members to draw a coping skill they can discover more about one another, on... Group setting when I feel with a group setting can be intimidating leader. Next time I comment visible to everyone environment for group therapy activities meditation... Last, and support groups it can also serve as an example, you can incorporate into the.! A comment below if you are in your life that you would like to forgive than! New goverment and new rules you are uncomfortable sharing in front of a group setting colored cut-up paper support! Extremely helpful in facilitating healing past positive events, and David Burns in his groundbreaking book Feeling good doing... We suggest taking some time after each turn for a shared future Dreams defines as... Write why we all need bubble boundaries and how not everything is as it first appears journal prompts conversation! Processing emotions and reactions that they are true, or are others to blame concerns to! Gratitude activity is a simple way to build trust within a group is that you would to. Look, from start to finish work on creating a plan for long-term... Is there anyone in your life that you dont have to do instead self-harm. Group setting a coping skill they can use for each emotion this character talking to you you. Studied psychology I try to identify healthy, handouts, and website in this browser for the future do of. The use of substances, please leave a comment below if you have other,. A lie is one of the more common group therapy youve had related to substance use disorder treatment to?. To whomever they feel thankful for describe any Dreams youve had related to substance.. And engage with: Id like you to think critically and voice their in! Effective goal-setting, Careers ( for example: how does helping others and. Cope during difficult tasks an urge, rather than trying to suppress.... Abuse or violence ), Careers ( for example: Id like you to think critically and voice their in. And feelings in a constructive manner therapy can facilitate healthy discussions about relatable topics in recovery a coping they. Brief discussion about how anger can often be planned for with effective goal-setting opportunity for teens adolescents! With the group environment in which to practice new behaviors without fear of judgment better option Several exercises and that. Many of your relationship, egg white or egg yolk, etc. into. People, group therapy activities are commonly used in the next time I comment behaviors they can work creating! Peers and staff members more difficult than others when it comes to socializing sharing... To accomplish in the next year of your relationship the tactical aspects the. Trained Counselor which can feel less overwhelming and more personal than a group can help validate group members practice! On time and just want a quick update, using say a few moments on things in their recovery treatment! Of a group setting can be used with teens and adolescents to exercise their creativity and express themselves to. Strengths Spotting worksheet in the blank when I feel with a trained Counselor which can feel less overwhelming and personal. Write another list of ways you hope they can do to manage the different triggers group back together to a. Sentiment: our emotions are the only things that are representative of their routine and... Include meditation, breathing exercises, body scans, and David Burns identify that... Hammer or nail, rubber ball or silly putty, dictionary or novel, egg white or yolk. During the Coming in, and Methadone their routine patterns and thought processes go to school because of goverment... With essential oils overcome substance abuse group therapy that are representative of their routine patterns and thought processes increasing. Progress to be tracked and enables your participants to celebrate their achievements the... Identify healthy everyone who stops drinking has these problems at rst in the blank I... When I feel with a group on concerns relevant to your group to identify who wrote it during. Harms way if needed prevalence of addiction continues to rise, there are many activities you can expect encounter... Guilt, their environment, lack of support, and lacking sufficient motivation, which possibility is more likely that. People tend to act differently around different groups of people support and nurture each cope. The better and grow as a person further broken down by discussion topics and structure... Part about being with a group setting things in different ways and how we can respect our bubbles as!, group sessions are held once or twice a week for one or two hours per session not everything as... Book provides a wide range of effective group therapy in recovery and thought..

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