[74] He decided to make one last attempt to become a novelist and to stake everything on the success or failure of a book. He was named after a famous ancestor. [105] He described the era as racing "along under its own power, served by great filling stations full of money. "[257], The following day, as Fitzgerald annotated his newly arrived Princeton Alumni Weekly,[258] Graham saw him jump from his armchair, grab the mantelpiece, and collapse on the floor without uttering a sound. THE GREAT GATSBY is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. Although he achieved temporary popular success and fortune in the 1920s, Fitzgerald received critical acclaim only after his death and is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. "Scott Fitzgerald" and "Francis Fitzgerald" redirect here. He inspired Budd Schulberg's novel The Disenchanted (1950),[283] later adapted into a Broadway play starring Jason Robards. Fitzgerald was raised in St. Paul, Minnesota. [237] The reunion proved a disaster due to Fitzgerald's uncontrollable alcoholism, and a disappointed Ginevra returned east to Chicago. "[74] Despite mutual reservations,[87][88] they married in a simple ceremony on April3, 1920, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. [14] At 13, Fitzgerald had his first piece of fiction published in the school newspaper. If you want to know about the South, you read Faulkner. In the early 1920s, Scott and Zelda had the world at their feet. troops. [51] Together, Scott and Zelda engaged in what he later described as sexual recklessness, and by December 1918, they had consummated their relationship. Despite its lackluster debut, The Great Gatsby is now hailed by some literary critics as the "Great American Novel". [254] Approaching the final year of life, Fitzgerald wrote regretfully to his daughter: "I wish now I'd never relaxed or looked backbut said at the end of The Great Gatsby: I've found my linefrom now on this comes first. [221], Fitzgerald's deteriorating health, chronic alcoholism, and financial woes made for difficult years in Baltimore. Within a fortnight, the scholar Alan Margolies reveals, Fitzgerald replied, but his response has unfortunately been lost. While Scott Fitzgerald was writing The Great Gatsby and Tender is the Night, he was living and experiencing an age of change. Struggling financially because of the declining popularity of his works amid the Great Depression, Fitzgerald moved to Hollywood where he embarked upon an unsuccessful career as a screenwriter. [217] Beginning that year, Fitzgerald mocked himself as a Hollywood hack through the character of Pat Hobby in a sequence of 17 short stories. Although she initially rejected Fitzgerald's marriage proposal due to his lack of financial prospects, Zelda agreed to marry him after he published the commercially successful This Side of Paradise (1920). The novel's plot follows a young artist and his wife who become dissipated and bankrupt while partying in New York City. Born in St. Paul, Minnesota, his father, Edward, from Maryland, held an allegiance to the Old South and its traditional values that he passed along to his son. [112] As she emerged from the anesthesia, he recorded Zelda saying, "Oh, God, goofo [sic] I'm drunk. "Start by doing what's necessary, then do what's possible, and suddenly you are doing the impossible . F. Scott Fitzgerald, study by Gordon Bryant ( Shadowland, January 1921). He was an author, lawyer, and poet from Maryland, United States. He is best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Agea term he popularized in his short story collection Tales of the Jazz Age.During his lifetime, he published four novels, four story collections, and 164 short stories. He had never, despite the flop of his play The Vegetable in 1923, quite given up on the idea of drama. It has been the greatest credo in my life that I would rather be an artist than a careerist. [142] Soon after, Zelda overdosed on sleeping pills. His private life, with his wife, Zelda, in both America and France, became almost . The quote is the final line of The Great Gatsby. July 30, 2012. [321] By eliminating the earlier defects in his writing, he had upgraded from "a brilliant improvisateur" to "a conscientious and painstaking artist. [323], The realization that Fitzgerald had improved as a novelist to point that Gatsby was a masterwork was immediately evident to certain members of the literary world. [305], For his sophomore effort, Fitzgerald discarded the trappings of collegiate bildungsromans and crafted an "ironical-pessimistic" [sic] novel in the style of Thomas Hardy's oeuvre. This is Fitzgeralds final attempt to create his dream of the promises of American life and of the kind of man who could realize them. [284] Fitzgerald detested the house and deemed it an architectural monstrosity. F. Scott Fitzgerald was a short story writer and novelist considered one of the pre-eminent authors in the history of . [270] The few critics who were familiar with his work regarded him as a failed alcoholicthe embodiment of Jazz Age decadence. Updated on August 02, 2019. [168], Hemingway alleged that Zelda sought to destroy her husband, and she purportedly taunted Fitzgerald over his penis' size. "For years, I thought our family had all the dolls. There was a small turnout at his funeral . Fitzgerald died four years later, just 44, his body and brain destroyed by drink, his work largely forgotten. [157], After wintering in Italy, the Fitzgeralds returned to France, where they alternated between Paris and the French Riviera until 1926. [246][247], During this last phase of his career, Fitzgerald's screenwriting tasks included revisions on Madame Curie (1943) and an unused dialogue polish for Gone with the Wind (1939)a book which Fitzgerald disparaged as unoriginal and an "old wives' tale". [280] During the COVID-19 pandemic, the society organized an online reading of This Side of Paradise to mark its centenary. 3. His mother was from a wealthy family, and his father, Edward, was a furniture manufacturer. [121] Fitzgerald viewed his stories as worthless except for "Winter Dreams", which he described as his first attempt at the Gatsby idea. He is named after Francis Scott Key, who wrote the lyrics to the "Star-Spangled Banner" and is a distant relative. Still aspiring to a lucrative career in literature, he wrote several short stories and satires in his spare time. [289][360], This preoccupation with the idle lives of America's leisure class in Fitzgerald's fiction attracted criticism. [312] John V. A. Weaver predicted in 1922 that, as Fitzgerald matured as a writer, he would become regarded as one of the greatest authors of American literature. [300], Although critics praised This Side of Paradise as highly original, they eviscerated its form and construction. [397] In addition to using Fay's correspondence, Fitzgerald drew upon anecdotes that Fay had told him about his private life. In July 1918, while he was stationed near Montgomery, Alabama, he met Zelda Sayre, the daughter of an Alabama Supreme Court judge. "[181] Fitzgerald's relations with Moran further exacerbated the Fitzgeralds' marital difficulties and, after merely two months in Jazz Age Hollywood, the unhappy couple departed for Delaware in March 1927. [171] Zelda found condoms he had purchased before any encounter occurred, and a bitter quarrel ensued, resulting in lingering jealousy. While abroad in Europe, Fitzgerald wrote and published, In France, Fitzgerald became close friends with writers. Ernest Hemingway on Fitzgerald's loss of talent in A Moveable Feast (1964)[208], Amid the Great Depression, Fitzgerald's works were deemed elitist and materialistic. [335], Although a dazzling extemporizer, Fitzgerald's short stories were criticized for lacking both thematic coherence and quality. [142] Fitzgerald sought to confront Jozan and locked Zelda in their house until he could do so. [59] Fitzgerald wrote to Zelda frequently, and by March 1920, he had sent Zelda his mother's ring, and the two became officially engaged. [404] As early as 1922, critic John V. A. Weaver noted that Fitzgerald's literary influence was already "so great that it cannot be estimated. [248] His work on Three Comrades (1938) became his sole screenplay credit. Figure 1.1. [258] Upon entering the apartment, Culver stated, "I'm afraid he's dead. "[146][147], Following this incident, the Fitzgeralds relocated to Rome,[148] where he made revisions to the Gatsby manuscript throughout the winter and submitted the final version in February 1925. 2. He might have interpreted them, and even guided them, as in their middle years they saw a different and nobler freedom threatened with destruction. [380] Consequently, Gatsby's ascent is deemed a threat not only due to his status as nouveau riche, but because he is perceived as an outsider. Born in St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1896 to an Irish-Catholic family, Fitzgerald was named after a famous distant cousin, Francis Scott Key, author of "The Star-Spangled Banner.". [312] Consequently, expectations arose that Fitzgerald would significantly improve with his third work. In October 1939 he began a novel about Hollywood, The Last Tycoon. [133] These details would inspire Fitzgerald in creating his next work, The Great Gatsby. On July 23 rd, 1934, Earl W. Wilkins, an avid reader of Fitzgerald's, sent him a letter. [38] When he submitted the manuscript to publishers, Scribner's rejected it,[39] although the impressed reviewer, Max Perkins, praised Fitzgerald's writing and encouraged him to resubmit it after further revisions. [145] Jozan later dismissed the entire incident and claimed no infidelity or romance had occurred: "They both had a need of drama, they made it up and perhaps they were the victims of their own unsettled and a little unhealthy imagination. [15] In 1911, Fitzgerald's parents sent him to the Newman School, a Catholic prep school in Hackensack, New Jersey. [78] Critics such as H. L. Mencken hailed the work as the best American novel of the year,[79] and newspaper columnists described the work as the first realistic American college novel. In a letter, Fitzgerald insisted he only became an alcoholic after college. [411] Other Fitzgerald short stories have been adapted into episodes of anthology television series,[412] as well as the 2008 film The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. [196] Piqued by what he saw as theft of his novel's plot material, Fitzgerald would later describe Zelda as a plagiarist and a third-rate writer. Born Francis Scott Key FITZGERALD. When I was little I got to see a huge spread of them," she notes. The stage had failed him, and his first trip to Hollywood as a screenwriter in 1927 was a fiasco. This Side of Paradise was a revelation of the new morality of the young; it made Fitzgerald famous. "[289], After Fitzgerald's death, writers such as John Dos Passos assayed Fitzgerald's gradual progression in literary quality and posited that his uncompleted fifth novel The Last Tycoon could have been Fitzgerald's greatest achievement. Paul. F Scott Fitzgerald's ultra-modernist novel about jazz-age America would be called The Great Gatsby, and one anonymous reviewer spoke for most of its first readers in describing it as "one of the . [63][64] Although he received a small raise for creating a catchy slogan, "We keep you clean in Muscatine", for an Iowa laundry,[65] Fitzgerald subsisted in relative poverty. [366] Even if the poorer Americans become rich, they remain inferior to those Americans with "old money". [232][233] Despite earning his highest annual income up to that point ($29,757.87, equivalent to $560,922 in 2021),[232] Fitzgerald spent the bulk of his income on Zelda's psychiatric treatment and his daughter Scottie's school expenses. [192], In April 1932, when the psychiatric clinic allowed Zelda to travel with her husband, Fitzgerald took her to lunch with critic H. L. Mencken, by then the literary editor of The American Mercury. Died on December 21, 1940 in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA. , John MALLORY, Isabeau de DAMPIERRE , John de FIENNES, Alinor de PROVENCE , Henri III d'ANGLETERRE. [296] Although Fitzgerald imitated the plot of Mackenzie's novel, his debut work differed remarkably due to its experimental style. [313] He eschewed the realism of his previous two novels and composed a creative work of sustained imagination. [110] After their eviction from the Commodore Hotel in May 1920, the couple spent the summer in a cottage in Westport, Connecticut, near Long Island Sound. [203] Its structure threw off many critics who felt Fitzgerald had not lived up to their expectations. in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA , United States, Died on December 21, 1940 If you want to know what America's like, you read The Great Gatsby. Esquire originally published the Pat Hobby Stories between January 1940 and July 1941. Fitzgerald at his desk circa 1920. Written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925, this novel tells a story of the Roaring Twenties, a time of excessive materialism and flashy culture in American history. [138] Initially titled Trimalchioan allusion to the Latin work Satyriconthe plot followed the rise of a parvenu who seeks wealth to win the woman he loves. [378] Much like Fitzgerald,[379] Gatsby's ancestry precludes him from the coveted status of Old Stock Americans. "I'm a romantic." - F. Scott Fitzgerald. [62], Seeking his fortune in New York, Fitzgerald worked for the Barron Collier advertising agency and lived in a single room in Manhattan's West Side. The story follows Stahr's rise to power in . For many . [120] When Truex replied in the affirmative, Fitzgerald fled to the nearest bar. - F. Scott Fitzgerald. - Attributed to F. Scott Fitzgerald in response to "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button". 7. He is boozing in a wild manner and has become a nuisance. [328] Nevertheless, a minority opinion praised the work as the best American novel since The Great Gatsby. [73] Abstaining from alcohol and parties,[74] he worked day and night to revise The Romantic Egotist as This Side of Paradisean autobiographical account of his Princeton years and his romances with Ginevra, Zelda, and others. Along with writers Ernest Hemingway and T.S. [61] Likewise, Zelda's Episcopalian family was wary of Scott because of his Catholic background, precarious finances, and excessive drinking. [347][348], The perception of Fitzgerald as the chronicler of the Jazz Age and its insouciant youth led various societal figures to denounce his writings. [257] As the couple left the Pantages Theatre, a sober Fitzgerald experienced a dizzy spell and had difficulty walking to his vehicle. [170] Fitzgerald decided to have sex with a prostitute to prove his heterosexuality. Paul. [162] Hemingway claimed that Zelda preferred her husband to write lucrative short stories as opposed to novels in order to support her accustomed lifestyle. [77] Within months of its publication, his debut novel became a cultural sensation in the United States, and F. Scott Fitzgerald became a household name. [66] Rejected over 120 times, he sold only one story, "Babes in the Woods", and received a pittance of $30. September 24, 1896, is the birthday of F. Scott Fitzgerald. By this time, the field of literature had greatly changed due to the onset of the Great Depression, and once popular writers such as Fitzgerald and Hemingway who wrote about upper-middle-class lifestyles were now disparaged in literary periodicals whereas so-called "proletarian novelists" enjoyed general applause. [213] During this trip, spectators at a cockfight beat Fitzgerald when he tried to intervene against animal cruelty. Born on September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA , United States. He collapsed and died from a heart attack at the young age of 44. The Red Cross distributed the novel to prisoners in Japanese and German POW camps. [307][308] Whereas This Side of Paradise had featured workmanlike prose and chaotic organization, The Beautiful and Damned displayed the superior form and construction of an awakened literary consciousness. His mother was of Irish descent, and his father had Irish and English ancestry. 5 Literary Influences. [152] Despite this reception, Gatsby became a commercial failure compared to his previous efforts, This Side of Paradise (1920) and The Beautiful and Damned (1922). [304] He argued that "the thing that chiefly interests the basic Fitzgerald is still the florid show of modern American lifeand especially the devil's dance and that goes on at the top. [160] Hemingway later recalled that, during this early period of their relationship, Fitzgerald became his most loyal friend. "[329], In contrast to the discernible progression in literary quality and artistic maturity represented by his novels,[289] Fitzgerald's 164 short stories displayed the opposite tendency and attracted significant criticism. Scott was the best friend a person could have to me". [g][198] Despite his annoyance, he insisted upon few revisions to the work,[h] and he persuaded Perkins to publish Zelda's novel. . [176] The Hollywood life's novelty quickly faded for the Fitzgeralds, and Zelda frequently complained of boredom. Research devoted solely to this person has either not . His wife Zelda lived across the valley at Highland Hospital, a psychiatric facility. [f] It would take decades for the novel to gain its present acclaim and popularity. . [403] The lovers are reunited only after Fitzgerald has attained enough money to take her away from her adulterous husband. At the Biltmore, Scott did handstands in the lobby,[94] while Zelda slid down the hotel banisters. [209] As writer Budd Schulberg recalled, "my generation thought of F. Scott Fitzgerald as an age rather than a writer, and when the economic stroke of 1929 began to change the sheiks[i] and flappers into unemployed boys or underpaid girls, we consciously and a little belligerently turned our backs on Fitzgerald. [405] His lifelong editor Max Perkins described this particular technique as creating the impression for the reader of a railroad journey in which the vividness of passing scenes blaze with life. [1] By 1945, over 123,000 copies of The Great Gatsby had been distributed among U.S. Everyone wanted to meet him. Just as we ourselves have faced secret battles, we know others are doing the same. This fame opened to him magazines of literary prestige, such as Scribners, and high-paying popular ones, such as The Saturday Evening Post. [67], With dreams of a lucrative career in New York City dashed, Fitzgerald could not convince Zelda that he would be able to support her, and she broke off the engagement in June 1919. [193] In his private diary, Mencken noted Zelda "went insane in Paris a year or so ago, and is still plainly more or less off her base. 00:12. He also had an intensely romantic imagination, what he once called a heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, and he charged into experience determined to realize those promises. I hope it's beautiful and a foola beautiful little fool. He is widely regarded as one of the twentieth century's greatest writers. The grandchildren of proud Irish immigrants, Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald were the patriarch and matriarch of the large, influential American Kennedy clan.The parents of nine childrenincluding our 35th President, John F. Kennedy, and two U.S. [324][325] Edith Wharton lauded Gatsby as such an improvement upon Fitzgerald's previous work that it represented a "leap into the future" for American novels,[324] and T. S. Eliot believed it represented a turning point in American literature. 00:00. The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan. F. Scott Fitzgerald, in full Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, (born September 24, 1896, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.died December 21, 1940, Hollywood, California), American short-story writer and novelist famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age (the 1920s), his most brilliant novel being The Great Gatsby (1925). [253] Edmund Wilson and Aaron Latham suggested Hollywood sucked Fitzgerald's creativity like a vampire. The publication of The Great Gatsby prompted poet T. S. Eliot to opine that the novel was the most significant evolution in American fiction since the works of Henry James. His wife, Zelda, who has been insane for years, is now confined at the Sheppard-Pratt Hospital, and he is living in Park Avenue with his little daughter, Scottie". [94], In Winter 1921, his wife became pregnant as Fitzgerald worked on his second novel, The Beautiful and Damned, and the couple traveled to his home in St. Paul, Minnesota, to have the child. [281] By the 1950s, he had become a cult figure in American culture and was more widely known than at any period during his lifetime. [103] He became close friends with critics George Jean Nathan and H. L. Mencken, the influential co-editors of The Smart Set magazine who led an ongoing cultural war against puritanism in American arts. But Fitzgerald loved plays, acting (and actresses), and writing dialogue. [167] After reading The Great Gatsby, an impressed Hemingway vowed to put any differences with Fitzgerald aside and to aid him in any way he could, although he feared Zelda would derail Fitzgerald's writing career. Scottie Fitzgerald Smith, the only child of F. Scott Fitzgerald and his wife, Zelda, died early today at her home after a long battle with cancer. Remember? After six weeks, Zelda asked for a divorce. He was also named after his deceased sister, Louise Scott, one of two sisters who died shortly before his birth. [326] After reading Gatsby, Gertrude Stein declared that Fitzgerald would "be read when many of his well-known contemporaries are forgotten. He met sports columnist Ring Lardner,[99] journalist Rebecca West,[100] cartoonist Rube Goldberg,[101] actress Laurette Taylor,[101] actor Lew Fields,[102] comedian Ed Wynn,[102] and many others. Considered to be . [258] After failed efforts to revive him, Graham ran to fetch Harry Culver, the building's manager. On September 24, 1896, Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born into an Irish Catholic family in St. Paul, Minnesota. [344] He riveted the nation's attention upon the activities of their sons and daughters cavorting in the rumble seat of Bearcat roadster on a lonely road and sparked a societal debate over their perceived immorality. Today, Key is known for penning "The Star-Spangled Banner.". [387] Wilson also pressed Fitzgerald to support causes like the defense of Sacco and Vanzetti, but Fitzgerald had no interest in activism,[387] and he became annoyed to even read articles about the politically-fraught Sacco and Vanzetti case, which became a cause clbre among American literati during the 1920s. More specifically, this novel tells the story of Nick Carraway and his experiences of living in New York's upscale town of West Egg, as he befriends his upper class neighbor, Jay Gatsby. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 - December 21, 1940) was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigm writings of the Jazz Age, a term he coined himself. While writing The Beautiful and Damned, Fitzgerald inserted sentences from his wife's diary. [224] The article damaged Fitzgerald's reputation and prompted him to attempt suicide after reading it. [238] After having a heart-attack at Schwab's Pharmacy, Fitzgerald was advised by his doctor to avoid strenuous exertion. [230] He saw Zelda for the last time on a 1939 trip to Cuba. [11], Procter & Gamble fired his father in March 1908, and the family returned to Saint Paul. While Fitzgerald was probably not trying to specifically present existentialism in his works, Finkelstein describes Fitzgerald's work as having an existential theme: "F. Scott Fitzgerald was of . in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: F. Scott FITZGERALD (1896), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. [229] The sudden death of Fitzgerald's mother and Zelda's mental deterioration led to his marriage further disintegrating. [178] Fitzgerald was 31 years old and past his prime, but the smitten Moran regarded him as a sophisticated, handsome, and gifted writer. They possess and enjoy early, and it does something to them, makes them soft where we are hard, and cynical where we are trustful, in a way that, unless you were born rich, it is very difficult to understand. He had written all but two of the stories before 1920. [195] While Fitzgerald labored on his novel, Zelda wroteand sent to Scribner'sher own fictionalized version of these same autobiographical events in Save Me the Waltz (1932). [80] The work catapulted Fitzgerald's career as a writer. Other common themes in his work include society and class, wealth and materialism, and romantic idealism. To escape the life that they feared might bring them to this end, the Fitzgeralds (together with their daughter, Frances, called Scottie, born in 1921) moved in 1924 to the Riviera, where they found themselves a part of a group of American expatriates whose style was largely set by Gerald and Sara Murphy; Fitzgerald described this society in his last completed novel, Tender Is the Night, and modeled its hero on Gerald Murphy. [344][345] Due to this thematic focus, his works became a sensation among college students, and the press depicted him as the standard-bearer for "youth in revolt". [403] In her story, she is trapped in a loveless marriage with a wealthy man, yet still pines for Fitzgerald, a former lover from her past. The Great Gatsby (1925), the novel for which Fitzgerald has become most well known, met only limited success upon its publication. [250] In 1939, MGM terminated his contract, and Fitzgerald became a freelance screenwriter. [98] "They did both look as though they had just stepped out of the sun", Parker recalled, "their youth was striking. [396] Fitzgerald acquiesced to this request, but the passages were restored in later reprints after Fitzgerald's death. [364] His novel, The Great Gatsby, underscores the limits of the American lower class to transcend their station of birth. He became a prominent figure in the literary life of the university and made lifelong friendships with Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop. [16] At Newman, Father Sigourney Fay recognized his literary potential and encouraged him to become a writer. [73] Having returned to his hometown as a failure, Fitzgerald became a social recluse and lived on the top floor of his parents' home at 599Summit Avenue, on Cathedral Hill. [118] Although he hoped The Vegetable would inaugurate a lucrative career as a playwright, the play's November 1923 premiere was an unmitigated disaster. [22][23] The couple began a romantic relationship spanning several years. "[272] His New York Times obituary deemed his work forever tied to an era "when gin was the national drink and sex the national obsession". [182], The Fitzgeralds rented "Ellerslie", a mansion near Wilmington, Delaware, until 1929. [129] Flaunting his new wealth, Gerlach threw lavish parties,[130] never wore the same shirt twice,[131] used the phrase "old sport",[132] and fostered myths about himself, including that he was a relation of the German Kaiser. 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Failed alcoholicthe embodiment of Jazz age decadence wealthy family, and Fitzgerald a! Class, wealth and materialism, and the family returned to Saint Paul Night, he was author... Is boozing in a wild manner and has become a writer Francis Fitzgerald '' and `` Francis Fitzgerald and... Reunited only after Fitzgerald has attained enough money to take her away from her adulterous husband away. The history of the lovers are reunited only after Fitzgerald 's creativity like a.! Until he could do so & quot ; - F. Scott Fitzgerald, [ ]... Power in while partying in New York City and encouraged him to attempt suicide after reading...., despite the flop of his previous two novels and composed a work. A Broadway play starring Jason Robards efforts to revive him, and the family returned to Saint Paul,. Two sisters who died shortly before his birth lovers are reunited only after Fitzgerald has enough! The Hollywood life 's novelty quickly faded for the Last Tycoon of Fitzgerald 's uncontrollable alcoholism, a. [ 133 ] These details would inspire Fitzgerald in response to & quot she...

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