When breathing, air passes through the nasal passages to the pharynx. XII. Circulatory adaptations to this condition make the circulation of blood in the fetus quite different from your study of the adult cardiovascular system. <<0A8475290F23494581369D9CD21F7021>]>> Figure 15. Kidney Dissection Lab Activity: Urinary System or Excretory System. To view details of the aortic arch, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary artery, it will be helpful to remove the left lung. Other organs developing during fetal pig development such as the gallbladder, pancreas and spleen are all critical in contributing to the overall flow of the digestive system because they contain digestive enzymes that will perform chemical digestion of food. Position the pig in the dissection pan with its ventral surface up. From here, the width increases with gestation and is at its largest around day 105. Ahead of the peritoneum lining the diaphragmatic surface to its upper limit, where jumps take the abdominal surface of the diaphragm. Air and food pass through the oropharynx, a space in the posterior portion of the mouth. Click here to go to the Dissection Protocol for both the Pig and Sheep kidneys. Carefully, peel the skin away from the incision in the neck region using a blunt probe (a needle or the point of scissors will do if a blunt probe is not available). Add to playlist. The male's internal reproductive system has two scrotal sacs, which depending on the age of the fetal pig may or may not have developed testes. Figure 41. 193, 105119. %%EOF Figure 27. cecum, large intestine, liver, small intestine, spleen. A similar cut is made on the other side. Retrieved July 16, 2009 from. Click on any of the photographs to view enlargements. [1] Thirdly, fetal pigs are cheap, which is an essential component for dissection use by schools. Def: Main organs of the urinary system, 2 bean shaped organs, Def: Two thin retroperitorial tubes the connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder, Def: Arteries that supply the kidneys with blood, Chapter 1- The Science of Biology; Biology 00, Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual, Bio 208 Lab (Urinary System and Urinalysis). Open the jaw wide enough so that the glottis and epiglottis are exposed. Pin the anterior and posterior end of the organism (earthworm, frogs, or fetal pig) to the dissecting tray. The gilts placed in smaller groups bore one more pig per litter than gilts in larger groups. From the pharynx, it passes through the glottis to the trachea. Figure 32. They are a by-product of the pork food industry. The cecum is a blind pouch where the small intestine joins the large intestine. Use a scalpel to cut the sides of the mouth so that the bottom jaw can be opened for easier viewing (see the photograph below). Observe how the diaphragm attaches to the body wall and separates the abdominal cavity from the lung (pleural) and heart (pericardial) cavities (Photographs below). Each lung is located in a body cavity called a pleural cavity. Continue separating the tissue with a probe until the trachea and esophagus are exposed. 0000001332 00000 n Continue separating the tissue with a probe until the trachea and esophagus are exposed. Bulbourethral gland,spermatic cord, testis, urethra, urinary bladder, vas deferens, http://bio.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/BioStuff/BIO_102/Laboratory_Exercises/Fetal_Pig_Dissection, CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Fetal Pig Internal Practical. The appendix in humans is the evolutionary remains of a larger cecum in human ancestors. The second branch is the left subclavian artery which goes to the left front leg. Chapter 11. Below: hard palate, soft palate, glottis, epiglottis, tongue. By this time, the liver and bone marrow are active and functional. The epiglottis projects up into a region called the pharynx. The appendix in humans is the evolutionary remains of a larger cecum in human ancestors. After observing many of the outside traits of our fetal pig, we were now ready to really look beneath the skin. The purpose of our experiment was to focus on the external, digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, and excretory systems of the fetal pig to understand how theses system work together in order to sustain life. Urinalysis. Penis, scrotum, urogenital opening, Figure 52. This lab centers on the dissection of the urinary system of the fetal pig. You will then dissect a sheep kidney in order to observe the internal structures of a kidney. 13.1.3: Reading- Fetal Pig Dissection is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. 2. [19] Because the fetal pigs were still in the mothers uterus, teeth will still form which supports reasons for hollow unerupted teeth that may be seen. 0000005624 00000 n An incision was made on the side of the neck to enable the injections. The purpose of the experiment was to understand how strong a bessbug by using weights and observing the time the best bug takes to travel to a certain distance. Krauthammer claims that organs should be harvested only from the dead and not the living because only dead people can be considered commodities. Identify the small intestine and large intestine. Objective: Locate organs of the urinary system. The fetal pig that you will dissect has been injected with a colored latex (rubber) compound. The pharynx is the space in the posterior portion of the mouth that both food and air pass through. Attributions for Fetal Pig Dissection MODIFIED from: Original work by Michael J. Gregory, Clinton Community College / CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. A 1980 study found that exposure to formaldehyde could possibly cause nasal cancer in rats, leading to research on whether this was possible in humans or not. Lab 10. The urinary system of a fetal pig and a human are almost the same. Continue separating the tissue with a probe until the trachea and esophagus are exposed. xb```V6U!10p,Pdipt7J\y|=`oKN*Y The kidneys and ducts arise from the intermediate mesoderm. They can be ordered for about $30 at biological product companies. The pulmonary artery is capable of delivering a large amount of blood to the lungs but the lungs are not needed to oxygenate the blood of a fetus, so most of the blood is diverted to the aorta. Fetal pig anatomy. Why the name?. The fetal pig that you will dissect has been injected with a colored latex (rubber) compound. Retrieved July 20, 2009 from National Cancer Institute site: Walker, Warren. Aorta, aortic arch, left atrium, brachiocephalic artery, ductus arteriosus, lung, pulmonary artery, pulmonary trunk, left subclavian artery, Figure 35. Tie one front leg of the animal with a string that passes underneath the dissecting pan to the other leg. The male reproductive system also consists of several accessory glands which secrete fluids to . The posterior end of the earthworm is its tail while the hind legs are considered a part of the posterior end of the frog and fetal pig. 95 0 obj<>stream The astounding part of the living organisms have led us some understanding of the awe-inspiring structure of every life from as small as 0.0000001 to over 0.1. PDF. The kidneys are located behind the abdominal organs and are partially embedded into the dorsal body wall by the spine. April 21st, 2018 - Answers To Post Lab Questions Frog Dissection Fetal pig dissection lab answers schoolworkhelper introduction pigs and reptiles are a fascinating part of the . There is a shunt between the wall of the right and left atrium called the foramen ovale. The functions of the digestive system are: In his essay Yes, Lets Pay for Organs, Charles Krauthammer talks about the moral and ethical boundaries of paying for organs (kidneys). Here we show the single kidney opened/bissected along its long axis into two halves (we cut from the lateral margin -- the ureter is still intact and connected to the renal pelvis). Fetal pigs are not bred for the purpose of dissection. In a fetus, the placenta is the source of oxygen and nutrients, and also removes metabolic wastes from the blood. 0000005910 00000 n Laboratory 8 Urinary and Reproductive www.orientation.sutd.edu.sg 1 / 15. The right subvclavian carries blood to the right front leg and the carotids carry blood to the head. The esophagus is dorsal to the trachea. [16] In 1995 it was concluded by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) that formaldehyde is a carcinogen for humans.[17]. Kidney, liver, posterior vena cava, renal vein, spleen, ureter, urinary bladder, Figure 49. 4. Also, follicles are present on the tongue and intestines on day 77. By day 20, most of the major organs are visible, and the last half of gestation focuses greatly on increasing the size of the fetuses. Colon, horn of uterus, ovary, urinary bladder, Figure 50. They argue that the research supports abortions but have taken part in receiving vaccines and therapy that comes from the research. Locate the cecum, a blind pouch where the small intestine joins the large intestine. Use your pig and also a pig of the opposite sex to identify the structures in the photographs below. Each of the organ systems in your body have a certain function, or job. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. [13], The development of the lymphatic system and the formation of blood circulation occur at different stages of fetal pig development. The word urogenital refers to an opening that serves both the urinary (excretory) and the reproductive systems. It contains the nitrogenous wastes, ions, drugs and other materials filtered from the blood by the kidneys. The pulmonary artery is capable of delivering a large amount of blood to the lungs but the lungs are not needed to oxygenate the blood of a fetus, so most of the blood is diverted to the aorta. Figure 33. The mesoderm forms the major organ components that help keep the fetus alive. Use your pig and also a pig of the opposite sex to identify the structures in the photographs below. The arteries have been filled with red latex and the veins with blue. Also, although there are left and right adrenal glands, often the left adrenal is missing due to the removal of tissue during the dissection of the posterior blood vessels earlier in the semester. A includes how, images and measures to complete the laboratory . This condition, called patent foramen ovale, can result in serious health problems. The base of the liver opens into the hepatic hilum, which is but the entrance area of the omentum (omentum) lower with the portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic duct outlet. I found the trachea to be wider, stronger, and it had a bumpy surface. The kidneys' are a vital part in the process of removing urine from the body. Anatomy of the pig heart: comparisons with normal human cardiac structure. Respiratory System, The Digestive System, The Urinary System, The Reproductive System, Development, and Heredity, Surface Anatomy, Dissection Exercises, PhysioExtrade; v7.0 Computer Simulations.For all readers interested in a laboratory manual for the A&P lab course. The second branch is the left subclavian artery which goes to the left front leg. The spleen is an elongate, flattened, brownish organ that extends along the posterior part of the stomach ventral to (above) the pancreas. Note that you will need to remove some of the pyramids to see the remaining structures, which lie underneath. Lift the stomach and identify this light-colored organ. The flap of body wall that contains the navel can be folded posteriorly to reveal the internal organs of the abdomen. 41A, RS : 633-634 Urinalysis (OMIT : sediment analysis); 628-631 Test : prepared "pathologic" urine specimens. The following words will be used to help identify the location of structures. Recorded at Glen Oaks Community College, Centreville, Michigan by Dr Ren . You should not remove these structures yet because you will need to identify the blood vessels later in the dissection. 64a. Next, the urine goes into the ureters, followed by the bladder and urethra before exiting. 0000007449 00000 n Use the photographs below to identify its sex. a) The by-product that causes the pigment of urine is urochrome. Figure 40. The one main difference is the size of the organs. This allows for, Both the kidney of the pig, and the kidney of the sheep shared similar structures and shapes. Between the two folds of peritoneum onto the surface of the liver to the diaphragm is comprised bare surface of the liver, an area in which the peritoneum covering the liver capsule. It may be filled with white adipose tissue. Please watch the video at the following link to support your understanding of the material in the lab. [6], Three studies at universities across the United States found that students who modeled body systems out of clay were significantly better at identifying the constituent parts of human anatomy than their classmates who performed animal dissection. XI. The offspring follows the same classification of its parents which is domain: Eukarya, phylum: Chordata, class: Mammalia, order: Carnivora, and family: Canidae. J. Kruml Contact Information, F. Kov, J. Ludvk and I. Trebichavsk (1970). . 0000006929 00000 n Urinary System Dissection Fetal Pig Dissection Protocol: Follow the steps below to complete the dissection of the Fetal Pig Urinary System. Urogenital system stands for urinary plus genital systems. In other words, cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, organs make up organ systems, and organ systems make an organism. [25] Similar to the female system, it may be difficult to identify all parts. Shortly after birth, the ductus arteriosus closes and blood in the pulmonary artery goes to the lungs instead of the body. Review of the urinary and reproductive organs. These photomicrographs unveiled the miracle and astounding lives as illustrated below. Observe how the diaphragm attaches to the body wall and separates the abdominal cavity from the lung (pleural) and heart (pericardial) cavities (figure 16 and 18 below). Retrieved July 15, 2009. The first branch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic artery. Lift the stomach and identify this light-colored organ. These two cuts will enable you to spread open the abdominal cavity. the integumentary system and body membranes, plus coverage of the skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems, development, heredity, surface anatomy, dissection exercises, PhysioEx Computer Simulations, PhysioEx Review . Repeat this with the back leg. a cat version and a fetal pig version each of these includes sixty three laboratory exercises three supplemental labs found online and six cat or fetal pig dissection labs in corresponding versions human anatomy physiology laboratory manual main version - Nov 12 2022 web jan 7 2018 human anatomy physiology laboratory manual main version 12th It forms the muscles and connective tissues of the body, blood vessels and cells, the skeleton, kidneys, adrenal glands, heart, and the reproductive organs. Female: genital papilla, urogenital opening, anus, Figure 4. The Urinary System. Development of new technologies that can improve the efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization in ruminants, and that are effective and safe, has . The right subclavian carries blood to the right front leg and the carotids carry blood to the head. Follow the trachea to where it branches into two bronchi and observe that each bronchus leads to a lung. With the left lung removed, the heart can be pushed to the right side to reveal the aorta and other blood vessels shown infigures 3342. This offspring, like its parents, is a vertebrate which means that it has an endoskeleton that is supported by skeletal muscle tissue. The spleen is an elongate, flattened, brownish organ that extends along the posterior part of the stomach ventral to (above) the pancreas. The rate at which these folds increase is negatively related to fetus size. (Hint: Looking for a total of eight descriptions, not eight signs and eight symptoms). It contains the vocal chords. 2014-06-13 22:17:22. These parts are cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. 8\4; Y^p2,YCc! B6M{YC1Ta7iE!cS}ea+Jk oA1 n%tZW"giqA?y/\. Esophagus, larynx, trachea, bronchus, and lungs. Open the jaw wide enough so that the glottis and epiglottis are exposed. The study suggests stress plays a role in impacting the reproduction. These two cuts will enable you to spread open the abdominal cavity. The Urinary System, The Reproductive System, Development, and Heredity, Surface Anatomy, Dissection Exercises. Each lung is located in a body cavity called a pleural cavity. Secondly, fetal pigs are easy to obtain because they are by-products of the pork industry. The fetal pig's digestive organs are well developed before birth, although it does not ingest food. Follow the trachea to where it branches into two bronchi and observe that each bronchus leads to a lung. In the photograph below, the heart and blood vessels of the neck region have been removed so that the trachea can be seen more clearly. Anterior vena cava, posterior vena cava. Use the photographs below to identify its sex. Fetal Pig Internal Practical. It extends along the length of the stomach from the left side of the body (your right) to the point where the stomach joins the small intestine. Anatomy of the Urinary System. Find the bile duct that leads to the small intestine. 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